C++ Graphics Programming

[m-jeri]

Hi Guys,

Here i saw the threads on c/c++ pgmming.
This one is for doing programming in c++
with graphics library
ie creating menus,windows,API's...

Share your knowledge here.

Greetings

Bye

[ashu888ashu888]

Yaa guys even i wanna learn sum graphics with the help of graphics library..It would be helpful if users here can giv links or post simple codes or even explain them by giving a simple logic to the same..

Also plz (if any of the users know) plz include the details of wat things can be done using graphics in C++ Programming... as it will be a gr8 boost to share new things in C++ Graphics related Programming..

It would help users like me if u start with the basics of Graphics in C++ as i already know the normal C++ programming..
Cheers n e-peace....

[NikhilVerma]

Well what to share over here ? Experiences ?

Well I have always loves programming Graphics in C++...
Made a Bump Mapping on it...

Also a GUI for C++ using graphics.h
Containing fully functional classes such as

TextBox
CheckBox
Window
Radio Button
Standard Button

With every thing customisable....

Stopped work later... Coz I couldn't figure out how to do the context menu...

Would love to see more guys of my type ...

[m-jeri]

yeah right

see the response for a post for eduction noone cares
This is one g8 forum
BTW guys who replied thx

and me 2 have done fully functional and alterable classes
for
1.button
2.message box with click buttons(1 or 2)
3.Windows
4.Tree Views
5.Drop down menus
6.Switch based interface

ashu888ashu888 ask for help,if i know i will give

NikhilVerma,dude could u post it here or
send to mail madjeri2003@hotmail.com.
If its better than mine it will be helpful
bye guys posted keep posting and help each other out

[bizzare_blue]

I too am workin on graphics in c++ and m interested in it too...m currently workin on a project n will b askin 4 help from u guys if i need it...thnx in advance 4 the same...

[m-jeri]

feel free to ask.thats what it is all about.

Hey Nikhil u there

[NikhilVerma]

madjeri man !
You reminded me of my old days...
I worked in C++ graphics all the time !
Now I feel like continuing what I left...

BTW I don't want to post those classes over here coz of pilagrism troubles...
So mailing you instead...

Would like to see your work too...

[ashu888ashu888]

madjeri wrote:

yeah right

see the response for a post for eduction noone cares
This is one g8 forum
BTW guys who replied thx

and me 2 have done fully functional and alterable classes
for
1.button
2.message box with click buttons(1 or 2)
3.Windows
4.Tree Views
5.Drop down menus
6.Switch based interface

ashu888ashu888 ask for help,if i know i will give

Hey buddy can u tell me wat and from where can i start this C++ Graphics Programming?>?? ( i already know C++ Programming but not the Graphics part so im a newbie to this..so if u and other guys can help me out as to how to start from SCRATCH abt Graphics then plz post it... as it will be really helpful...

I am having the TURBO C compiler

Cheers n e-peace.....

[bizzare_blue]

If u r havin TURBO C then it would be better to learn from the examples....Open BGIDEMO.C file n run it....Now copy n paste various codes(drawing lines,circles,arcs etc) from that file into ur own program n change it as u want....use the 'HELP' too....I learnt it this way n this really works man!!!! So try it out.

[ashu888ashu888]

bizzare_blue wrote:

If u r havin TURBO C then it would be better to learn from the examples....Open BGIDEMO.C file n run it....Now copy n paste various codes(drawing lines,circles,arcs etc) from that file into ur own program n change it as u want....use the 'HELP' too....I learnt it this way n this really works man!!!! So try it out.

Hey blue,buddy i tried opening the BGIDEMO.C file in my Turbo C Compiler and wen i tried to see the output screen (pressing ALT+F5),it gave me this messege: Graphics System Error: Device driver file not found (EGAVGA.BGI) Now wat shud i do???

While Compiling this code (by pressign Alt+F9) i dont get any error also while Running the code( by pressing Ctrl+F9) there is no problem at all.. I get this msg only wen i see the output screen...

Shud i post the code also ?? (the code is really too big in notpad format) but if u or any of the users want it then i will post it...Help plz..

Cheers n e-peace......

[NikhilVerma]

This problem can be solved easily...
First of all chck that a file called "egavga.bgi" exists or not... if not then take it from the link below...
Then place it in the directory of your program...
And change the initgraph function to this...

initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

it will surely work then....
BTW I have made another program today... It's called the polygon tweener....

To use it :
1) Extract all the files in a directory
2) Run the program and draw a polygon by clicking... Don't click more than 500 times
3) Right click
4) Draw another polygon
5) Right click and see the effect

Here is the link....

http://rapidshare.de/files/5404983/POLYGON.zip.html

Tellme what do you guys think about it.....

[__Virus__]

been into programming and i know it demands to code off our a...s...great proggy man

[ashu888ashu888]

NikhilVerma wrote:

This problem can be solved easily...
First of all chck that a file called "egavga.bgi" exists or not... if not then take it from the link below...
Then place it in the directory of your program...
And change the initgraph function to this...

Quote:
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");


it will surely work then....

Well i hv the EGAVGA.BGI file in my directory but i cannot find the command where its written initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");

I am pasting the code so plz lotace me the command where its written and then i will change it as im not able to find it guys If u find it..plz HIGHLIGHT tat line or copy and type it in BOLD so tat i can then change it in my original code.....Thanx a lot..as ur help will be really helpful....

The code is as follows"

/*
GRAPHICS DEMO FOR Borland C++ 3.0

Copyright (c) 1987,88,91 Borland International. All rights reserved.

From the command line, use:

bcc bgidemo graphics.lib

*/

#ifdef __TINY__
#error BGIDEMO will not run in the tiny model.
#endif

#include <dos.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#include <graphics.h>

#define ESC 0x1b /* Define the escape key */
#define TRUE 1 /* Define some handy constants */
#define FALSE 0 /* Define some handy constants */
#define PI 3.14159 /* Define a value for PI */
#define ON 1 /* Define some handy constants */
#define OFF 0 /* Define some handy constants */

#define NFONTS 11

char *Fonts[NFONTS] = {
"DefaultFont", "TriplexFont", "SmallFont",
"SansSerifFont", "GothicFont", "ScriptFont", "SimplexFont", "TriplexScriptFont",
"ComplexFont", "EuropeanFont", "BoldFont"
};

char *LineStyles[] = {
"SolidLn", "DottedLn", "CenterLn", "DashedLn", "UserBitLn"
};

char *FillStyles[] = {
"EmptyFill", "SolidFill", "LineFill", "LtSlashFill",
"SlashFill", "BkSlashFill", "LtBkSlashFill", "HatchFill",
"XHatchFill", "InterleaveFill", "WideDotFill", "CloseDotFill"
};

char *TextDirect[] = {
"HorizDir", "VertDir"
};

char *HorizJust[] = {
"LeftText", "CenterText", "RightText"
};

char *VertJust[] = {
"BottomText", "CenterText", "TopText"
};

struct PTS {
int x, y;
}; /* Structure to hold vertex points */

int GraphDriver; /* The Graphics device driver */
int GraphMode; /* The Graphics mode value */
double AspectRatio; /* Aspect ratio of a pixel on the screen*/
int MaxX, MaxY; /* The maximum resolution of the screen */
int MaxColors; /* The maximum # of colors available */
int ErrorCode; /* Reports any graphics errors */
struct palettetype palette; /* Used to read palette info */

/* */
/* Function prototypes */
/* */

void Initialize(void);
void ReportStatus(void);
void TextDump(void);
void Bar3DDemo(void);
void RandomBars(void);
void TextDemo(void);
void ColorDemo(void);
void ArcDemo(void);
void CircleDemo(void);
void PieDemo(void);
void BarDemo(void);
void LineRelDemo(void);
void PutPixelDemo(void);
void PutImageDemo(void);
void LineToDemo(void);
void LineStyleDemo(void);
void CRTModeDemo(void);
void UserLineStyleDemo(void);
void FillStyleDemo(void);
void FillPatternDemo(void);
void PaletteDemo(void);
void PolyDemo(void);
void SayGoodbye(void);
void Pause(void);
void MainWindow(char *header);
void StatusLine(char *msg);
void DrawBorder(void);
void changetextstyle(int font, int direction, int charsize);
int gprintf(int *xloc, int *yloc, char *fmt, ... );

/* */
/* Begin main function */
/* */

int main()
{

Initialize(); /* Set system into Graphics mode */
ReportStatus(); /* Report results of the initialization */

ColorDemo(); /* Begin actual demonstration */
if( GraphDriver==EGA || GraphDriver==EGALO || GraphDriver==VGA )
PaletteDemo();
PutPixelDemo();
PutImageDemo();
Bar3DDemo();
BarDemo();
RandomBars();
ArcDemo();
CircleDemo();
PieDemo();
LineRelDemo();
LineToDemo();
LineStyleDemo();
UserLineStyleDemo();
TextDump();
TextDemo();
CRTModeDemo();
FillStyleDemo();
FillPatternDemo();
PolyDemo();
SayGoodbye(); /* Give user the closing screen */

closegraph(); /* Return the system to text mode */
return(0);
}

/* */
/* INITIALIZE: Initializes the graphics system and reports */
/* any errors which occured. */
/* */

void Initialize(void)
{
int xasp, yasp; /* Used to read the aspect ratio*/

GraphDriver = DETECT; /* Request auto-detection */
initgraph( &GraphDriver, &GraphMode, "" );
ErrorCode = graphresult(); /* Read result of initialization*/
if( ErrorCode != grOk ){ /* Error occured during init */
printf(" Graphics System Error: %s\n", grapherrormsg( ErrorCode ) );
exit( 1 );
}

getpalette( &palette ); /* Read the palette from board */
MaxColors = getmaxcolor() + 1; /* Read maximum number of colors*/

MaxX = getmaxx();
MaxY = getmaxy(); /* Read size of screen */

getaspectratio( &xasp, &yasp ); /* read the hardware aspect */
AspectRatio = (double)xasp / (double)yasp; /* Get correction factor */

}

/* */
/* REPORTSTATUS: Report the current configuration of the system */
/* after the auto-detect initialization. */
/* */

void ReportStatus(void)
{
struct viewporttype viewinfo; /* Params for inquiry procedures*/
struct linesettingstype lineinfo;
struct fillsettingstype fillinfo;
struct textsettingstype textinfo;
struct palettetype palette;

char *driver, *mode; /* Strings for driver and mode */
int x, y;

getviewsettings( &viewinfo );
getlinesettings( &lineinfo );
getfillsettings( &fillinfo );
gettextsettings( &textinfo );
getpalette( &palette );

x = 10;
y = 4;

MainWindow( "Status report after InitGraph" );
settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

driver = getdrivername();
mode = getmodename(GraphMode); /* get current setting */

gprintf( &x, &y, "Graphics device : %-20s (%d)", driver, GraphDriver );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Graphics mode : %-20s (%d)", mode, GraphMode );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Screen resolution : ( 0, 0, %d, %d )", getmaxx(), getmaxy() );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Current view port : ( %d, %d, %d, %d )",
viewinfo.left, viewinfo.top, viewinfo.right, viewinfo.bottom );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Clipping : %s", viewinfo.clip ? "ON" : "OFF" );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Current position : ( %d, %d )", getx(), gety() );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Colors available : %d", MaxColors );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Current color : %d", getcolor() );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Line style : %s", LineStyles[ lineinfo.linestyle ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Line thickness : %d", lineinfo.thickness );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Current fill style : %s", FillStyles[ fillinfo.pattern ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Current fill color : %d", fillinfo.color );

gprintf( &x, &y, "Current font : %s", Fonts[ textinfo.font ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Text direction : %s", TextDirect[ textinfo.direction ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Character size : %d", textinfo.charsize );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Horizontal justify : %s", HorizJust[ textinfo.horiz ] );
gprintf( &x, &y, "Vertical justify : %s", VertJust[ textinfo.vert ] );

Pause(); /* Pause for user to read screen*/

}

/* */
/* TEXTDUMP: Display the all the characters in each of the */
/* available fonts. */
/* */

void TextDump()
{
static int CGASizes[] = {
1, 3, 7, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 };
static int NormSizes[] = {
1, 4, 7, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 };

char buffer[80];
int font, ch, wwidth, lwidth, size;
struct viewporttype vp;

for( font=0 ; font<NFONTS ; ++font ){ /* For each available font */
sprintf( buffer, "%s Character Set", Fonts[font] );
MainWindow( buffer ); /* Display fontname as banner */
getviewsettings( &vp ); /* read current viewport */

settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
moveto( 2, 3 );

buffer[1] = '\0'; /* Terminate string */
wwidth = vp.right - vp.left; /* Determine the window width */
lwidth = textwidth( "H" ); /* Get average letter width */

if( font == DEFAULT_FONT ){
changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
ch = 0;
while( ch < 256 ){ /* For each possible character */
buffer[0] = ch; /* Put character into a string */
outtext( buffer ); /* send string to screen */
if( (getx() + lwidth) > wwidth )
moveto( 2, gety() + textheight("H") + 3 );
++ch; /* Goto the next character */
}
}
else{

size = (MaxY < 200) ? CGASizes[font] : NormSizes[font];
changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, size );

ch = '!'; /* Begin at 1st printable */
while( ch < 256 ){ /* For each printable character */
buffer[0] = ch; /* Put character into a string */
outtext( buffer ); /* send string to screen */
if( (lwidth+getx()) > wwidth ) /* Are we still in window? */
moveto( 2, gety()+textheight("H")+3 );
++ch; /* Goto the next character */
}

}

Pause(); /* Pause until user acks */

} /* End of FONT loop */

}

/* */
/* BAR3DDEMO: Display a 3-D bar chart on the screen. */
/* */

void Bar3DDemo(void)
{
static int barheight[] = {
1, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 2, 3 };
struct viewporttype vp;
int xstep, ystep;
int i, j, h, color, bheight;
char buffer[10];

MainWindow( "Bar 3-D / Rectangle Demonstration" );

h = 3 * textheight( "H" );
getviewsettings( &vp );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4 );
outtextxy( MaxX/2, 6, "These are 3-D Bars" );
changetextstyle( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
setviewport( vp.left+50, vp.top+40, vp.right-50, vp.bottom-10, 1 );
getviewsettings( &vp );

line( h, h, h, vp.bottom-vp.top-h );
line( h, (vp.bottom-vp.top)-h, (vp.right-vp.left)-h, (vp.bottom-vp.top)-h );
xstep = ((vp.right-vp.left) - (2*h)) / 10;
ystep = ((vp.bottom-vp.top) - (2*h)) / 5;
j = (vp.bottom-vp.top) - h;
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );

for( i=0 ; i<6 ; ++i ){
line( h/2, j, h, j );
itoa( i, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( 0, j, buffer );
j -= ystep;
}

j = h;
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

for( i=0 ; i<11 ; ++i ){
color = random( MaxColors );
setfillstyle( i+1, color );
line( j, (vp.bottom-vp.top)-h, j, (vp.bottom-vp.top-3)-(h/2) );
itoa( i, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( j, (vp.bottom-vp.top)-(h/2), buffer );
if( i != 10 ){
bheight = (vp.bottom-vp.top) - h - 1;
bar3d( j, (vp.bottom-vp.top-h)-(barheight[i]*ystep), j+xstep, bheight, 15, 1 );
}
j += xstep;
}

Pause(); /* Pause for user's response */

}

/* */
/* RANDOMBARS: Display random bars */
/* */

void RandomBars(void)
{
int color;

MainWindow( "Random Bars" );
StatusLine( "Esc aborts or press a key..." ); /* Put msg at bottom of screen */
while( !kbhit() ){ /* Until user enters a key... */
color = random( MaxColors-1 )+1;
setcolor( color );
setfillstyle( random(11)+1, color );
bar3d( random( getmaxx() ), random( getmaxy() ),
random( getmaxx() ), random( getmaxy() ), 0, OFF);
}

Pause(); /* Pause for user's response */

}


/* */
/* TEXTDEMO: Show each font in several sizes to the user. */
/* */

void TextDemo(void)
{
int charsize[] = {
1, 3, 7, 3, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2 };
int font, size;
int h, x, y, i;
struct viewporttype vp;
char buffer[80];

for( font=0 ; font<NFONTS ; ++font ){ /* For each of the avail. fonts */

sprintf( buffer, "%s Demonstration", Fonts[font] );
MainWindow( buffer );
getviewsettings( &vp );

changetextstyle( font, VERT_DIR, charsize[font] );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, BOTTOM_TEXT );
outtextxy( 2*textwidth("M"), vp.bottom - 2*textheight("M"), "Vertical" );

changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, charsize[font] );
settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
outtextxy( 2*textwidth("M"), 2, "Horizontal" );

settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );
x = (vp.right - vp.left) / 2;
y = textheight( "H" );

for( i=1 ; i<5 ; ++i ){ /* For each of the sizes */
size = (font == SMALL_FONT) ? i+3 : i;
changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, size );
h = textheight( "H" );
y += h;
sprintf( buffer, "Size %d", size );
outtextxy( x, y, buffer );

}

if( font != DEFAULT_FONT ){ /* Show user declared font size */
y += h / 2; /* Move down the screen */
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
setusercharsize( 5, 6, 3, 2 );
changetextstyle( font, HORIZ_DIR, USER_CHAR_SIZE );
outtextxy( (vp.right-vp.left)/2, y, "User Defined Size" );
}

Pause(); /* Pause to let user look */

} /* End of FONT loop */

}

/* */
/* COLORDEMO: Display the current color palette on the screen. */
/* */

void ColorDemo(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp;
int color, height, width;
int x, y, i, j;
char cnum[5];

MainWindow( "Color Demonstration" ); /* Show demonstration name */

color = 1;
getviewsettings( &vp ); /* Get the current window size */
width = 2 * ( (vp.right+1) / 16 ); /* Get box dimensions */
height = 2 * ( (vp.bottom-10) / 10 );

x = width / 2;
y = height / 2; /* Leave 1/2 box border */

for( j=0 ; j<3 ; ++j ){ /* Row loop */

for( i=0 ; i<5 ; ++i ){ /* Column loop */

setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, color); /* Set to solid fill in color */
setcolor( color ); /* Set the same border color */

bar( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /* Draw the rectangle */
rectangle( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /* outline the rectangle */

if( color == BLACK ){ /* If box was black... */
setcolor( WHITE ); /* Set drawing color to white */
rectangle( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /* Outline black in white*/
}

itoa( color, cnum, 10 ); /* Convert # to ASCII */
outtextxy( x+(width/2), y+height+4, cnum ); /* Show color # */

color = ++color % MaxColors; /* Advance to the next color */
x += (width / 2) * 3; /* move the column base */
} /* End of Column loop */

y += (height / 2) * 3; /* move the row base */
x = width / 2; /* reset column base */
} /* End of Row loop */

Pause(); /* Pause for user's response */

}

/* */
/* ARCDEMO: Display a random pattern of arcs on the screen */
/* until the user says enough. */
/* */

void ArcDemo(void)
{
int mradius; /* Maximum radius allowed */
int eangle; /* Random end angle of Arc */
struct arccoordstype ai; /* Used to read Arc Cord info */

MainWindow( "Arc Demonstration" );
StatusLine( "ESC Aborts - Press a Key to stop" );

mradius = MaxY / 10; /* Determine the maximum radius */

while( !kbhit() ){ /* Repeat until a key is hit */
setcolor( random( MaxColors - 1 ) + 1 ); /* Randomly select a color */
eangle = random( 358 ) + 1; /* Select an end angle */
arc( random(MaxX), random(MaxY), random(eangle), eangle, mradius );
getarccoords( &ai ); /* Read Cord data */
line( ai.x, ai.y, ai.xstart, ai.ystart ); /* line from start to center */
line( ai.x, ai.y, ai.xend, ai.yend ); /* line from end to center */
} /* End of WHILE not KBHIT */

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* CIRCLEDEMO: Display a random pattern of circles on the screen */
/* until the user says enough. */
/* */

void CircleDemo(void)
{
int mradius; /* Maximum radius allowed */

MainWindow( "Circle Demonstration" );
StatusLine( "ESC Aborts - Press a Key to stop" );

mradius = MaxY / 10; /* Determine the maximum radius */

while( !kbhit() ){ /* Repeat until a key is hit */
setcolor( random( MaxColors - 1 ) + 1 ); /* Randomly select a color */
circle( random(MaxX), random(MaxY), random(mradius) );
} /* End of WHILE not KBHIT */

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* PIEDEMO: Display a pie chart on the screen. */
/* */

#define adjasp( y ) ((int)(AspectRatio * (double)(y)))
#define torad( d ) (( (double)(d) * PI ) / 180.0 )

void PieDemo(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp;
int xcenter, ycenter, radius, lradius;
int x, y;
double radians, piesize;

MainWindow( "Pie Chart Demonstration" );

getviewsettings( &vp ); /* Get the current viewport */
xcenter = (vp.right - vp.left) / 2; /* Center the Pie horizontally */
ycenter = (vp.bottom - vp.top) / 2+20;/* Center the Pie vertically */
radius = (vp.bottom - vp.top) / 3; /* It will cover 2/3rds screen */
piesize = (vp.bottom - vp.top) / 4.0; /* Optimum height ratio of pie */

while( (AspectRatio*radius) < piesize ) ++radius;

lradius = radius + ( radius / 5 ); /* Labels placed 20% farther */

changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4 );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
outtextxy( MaxX/2, 6, "This is a Pie Chart" );
changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

setfillstyle( SOLID_FILL, RED );
pieslice( xcenter+10, ycenter-adjasp(10), 0, 90, radius );
radians = torad( 45 );
x = xcenter + (int)( cos( radians ) * (double)lradius );
y = ycenter - (int)( sin( radians ) * (double)lradius * AspectRatio );
settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, BOTTOM_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "25 %" );

setfillstyle( WIDE_DOT_FILL, GREEN );
pieslice( xcenter, ycenter, 90, 135, radius );
radians = torad( 113 );
x = xcenter + (int)( cos( radians ) * (double)lradius );
y = ycenter - (int)( sin( radians ) * (double)lradius * AspectRatio );
settextjustify( RIGHT_TEXT, BOTTOM_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "12.5 %" );

setfillstyle( INTERLEAVE_FILL, YELLOW );
settextjustify( RIGHT_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );
pieslice( xcenter-10, ycenter, 135, 225, radius );
radians = torad( 180 );
x = xcenter + (int)( cos( radians ) * (double)lradius );
y = ycenter - (int)( sin( radians ) * (double)lradius * AspectRatio );
settextjustify( RIGHT_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "25 %" );

setfillstyle( HATCH_FILL, BLUE );
pieslice( xcenter, ycenter, 225, 360, radius );
radians = torad( 293 );
x = xcenter + (int)( cos( radians ) * (double)lradius );
y = ycenter - (int)( sin( radians ) * (double)lradius * AspectRatio );
settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "37.5 %" );

Pause(); /* Pause for user's response */

}

/* */
/* BARDEMO: Draw a 2-D bar chart using Bar and Rectangle. */
/* */

void BarDemo(void)
{
int barheight[] = {
1, 3, 5, 2, 4 };
int styles[] = {
1, 3, 10, 5, 9, 1 };
int xstep, ystep;
int sheight, swidth;
int i, j, h;
struct viewporttype vp;
char buffer[40];

MainWindow( "Bar / Rectangle demonstration" );
h = 3 * textheight( "H" );
getviewsettings( &vp );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4 );
outtextxy( MaxX /2, 6, "These are 2-D Bars" );
changetextstyle( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
setviewport( vp.left+50, vp.top+30, vp.right-50, vp.bottom-10, 1 );

getviewsettings( &vp );
sheight = vp.bottom - vp.top;
swidth = vp.right - vp.left;

line( h, h, h, sheight-h );
line( h, sheight-h, sheight-h, sheight-h );
ystep = (sheight - (2*h) ) / 5;
xstep = (swidth - (2*h) ) / 5;
j = sheight - h;
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );

for( i=0 ; i<6 ; ++i ){
line( h/2, j, h, j );
itoa( i, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( 0, j, buffer );
j -= ystep;
}

j = h;
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
for( i=0 ; i<6 ; ++i ){
setfillstyle( styles[i], random(MaxColors) );
line( j, sheight - h, j, sheight- 3 - (h/2) );
itoa( i, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( j, sheight - (h/2), buffer );
if( i != 5 ){
bar( j, (sheight-h)-(barheight[i] * ystep), j+xstep, sheight-h-1 );
rectangle( j, (sheight-h)-(barheight[i] * ystep), j+xstep, sheight-h);
}
j += xstep;
}

Pause();

}

/* */
/* LINERELDEMO: Display pattern using moverel and linerel cmds. */
/* */

void LineRelDemo(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp;
int h, w, dx, dy, cx, cy;
struct PTS outs[7];


MainWindow( "MoveRel / LineRel Demonstration" );
StatusLine( "Press any key to continue, ESC to Abort" );

getviewsettings( &vp );
cx = (vp.right - vp.left) / 2; /* Center of the screen coords */
cy = (vp.bottom - vp.top ) / 2;

h = (vp.bottom - vp.top ) / 8;
w = (vp.right - vp.left) / 9;

dx = 2 * w;
dy = 2 * h;

setcolor( BLACK );

setfillstyle( SOLID_FILL, BLUE );
bar( 0, 0, vp.right-vp.left, vp.bottom-vp.top ); /* Draw backgnd */

outs[0].x = cx - dx;
outs[0].y = cy - dy;
outs[1].x = cx - (dx-w);
outs[1].y = cy - (dy+h);
outs[2].x = cx + dx;
outs[2].y = cy - (dy+h);
outs[3].x = cx + dx;
outs[3].y = cy + dy;
outs[4].x = cx + (dx-w);
outs[4].y = cy + (dy+h);
outs[5].x = cx - dx;
outs[5].y = cy + (dy+h);
outs[6].x = cx - dx;
outs[6].y = cy - dy;

setfillstyle( SOLID_FILL, WHITE );
fillpoly( 7, (int far *)outs );

outs[0].x = cx - (w/2);
outs[0].y = cy + h;
outs[1].x = cx + (w/2);
outs[1].y = cy + h;
outs[2].x = cx + (w/2);
outs[2].y = cy - h;
outs[3].x = cx - (w/2);
outs[3].y = cy - h;
outs[4].x = cx - (w/2);
outs[4].y = cy + h;

setfillstyle( SOLID_FILL, BLUE );
fillpoly( 5, (int far *)outs );

/* Draw a Tesseract object on the screen using the LineRel and */
/* MoveRel drawing commands. */

moveto( cx-dx, cy-dy );
linerel( w, -h );
linerel( 3*w, 0 );
linerel( 0, 5*h );
linerel( -w, h );
linerel( -3*w, 0 );
linerel( 0, -5*h );

moverel( w, -h );
linerel( 0, 5*h );
linerel( w+(w/2), 0 );
linerel( 0, -3*h );
linerel( w/2, -h );
linerel( 0, 5*h );

moverel( 0, -5*h );
linerel( -(w+(w/2)), 0 );
linerel( 0, 3*h );
linerel( -w/2, h );

moverel( w/2, -h );
linerel( w, 0 );

moverel( 0, -2*h );
linerel( -w, 0 );

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* PUTPIXELDEMO: Display a pattern of random dots on the screen */
/* and pick them back up again. */
/* */

void PutPixelDemo(void)
{
int seed = 1958;
int i, x, y, h, w, color;
struct viewporttype vp;

MainWindow( "PutPixel / GetPixel Demonstration" );

getviewsettings( &vp );
h = vp.bottom - vp.top;
w = vp.right - vp.left;

srand( seed ); /* Restart random # function */

for( i=0 ; i<5000 ; ++i ){ /* Put 5000 pixels on screen */
x = 1 + random( w - 1 ); /* Generate a random location */
y = 1 + random( h - 1 );
color = random( MaxColors );
putpixel( x, y, color );
}

srand( seed ); /* Restart Random # at same # */

for( i=0 ; i<5000 ; ++i ){ /* Take the 5000 pixels off */
x = 1 + random( w - 1 ); /* Generate a random location */
y = 1 + random( h - 1 );
color = getpixel( x, y ); /* Read the color pixel */
if( color == random( MaxColors ) ) /* Used to keep RANDOM in sync */
putpixel( x, y, 0 ); /* Write pixel to BLACK */
}

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* PUTIMAGEDEMO */
/* */
void PutImageDemo(void)
{
static int r = 20;
static int StartX = 100;
static int StartY = 50;

struct viewporttype vp;
int PauseTime, x, y, ulx, uly, lrx, lry, size, i, width, height, step;
void *Saucer;

MainWindow("GetImage / PutImage Demonstration");
getviewsettings( &vp );

/* Draw Saucer */
setfillstyle( SOLID_FILL, getmaxcolor() );
fillellipse(StartX, StartY, r, (r/3)+2);
ellipse(StartX, StartY-4, 190, 357, r, r/3);

line(StartX+7, StartY-6, StartX+10, StartY-12);
circle(StartX+10, StartY-12, 2);
line(StartX-7, StartY-6, StartX-10, StartY-12);
circle(StartX-10, StartY-12, 2);


/* Read saucer image */
ulx = StartX-(r+1);
uly = StartY-14;
lrx = StartX+(r+1);
lry = StartY+(r/3)+3;
width = lrx - ulx + 1;
height = lry - uly + 1;
size = imagesize(ulx, uly, lrx, lry);

Saucer = malloc( size );
getimage(ulx, uly, lrx, lry, Saucer);
putimage(ulx, uly, Saucer, XOR_PUT);

/* Plot some "stars" */
for ( i=0 ; i<1000; ++i )
putpixel(random(MaxX), random(MaxY), random( MaxColors-1 )+1);
x = MaxX / 2;
y = MaxY / 2;
PauseTime = 70;

/* until a key is hit */
while ( !kbhit() ) {

/* Draw the Saucer */
putimage(x, y, Saucer, XOR_PUT); /* draw image */
delay(PauseTime);
putimage(x, y, Saucer, XOR_PUT); /* erase image */

/* Move Saucer */

step = random( 2*r );
if ((step/2) % 2 != 0 )
step = -1 * step;
x = x + step;
step = random( r );
if ((step/2) % 2 != 0 )
step = -1 * step;
y = y + step;

if (vp.left + x + width - 1 > vp.right)
x = vp.right-vp.left-width + 1;
else
if (x < 0)
x = 0;
if (vp.top + y + height - 1 > vp.bottom)
y = vp.bottom-vp.top-height + 1;
else
if (y < 0)
y = 0;
}
free( Saucer );
Pause();
}


/* */
/* LINETODEMO: Display a pattern using moveto and lineto commands. */
/* */

#define MAXPTS 15

void LineToDemo(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp;
struct PTS points[MAXPTS];
int i, j, h, w, xcenter, ycenter;
int radius, angle, step;
double rads;

MainWindow( "MoveTo / LineTo Demonstration" );

getviewsettings( &vp );
h = vp.bottom - vp.top;
w = vp.right - vp.left;

xcenter = w / 2; /* Determine the center of circle */
ycenter = h / 2;
radius = (h - 30) / (AspectRatio * 2);
step = 360 / MAXPTS; /* Determine # of increments */

angle = 0; /* Begin at zero degrees */
for( i=0 ; i<MAXPTS ; ++i ){ /* Determine circle intercepts */
rads = (double)angle * PI / 180.0; /* Convert angle to radians */
points[i].x = xcenter + (int)( cos(rads) * radius );
points[i].y = ycenter - (int)( sin(rads) * radius * AspectRatio );
angle += step; /* Move to next increment */
}

circle( xcenter, ycenter, radius ); /* Draw bounding circle */

for( i=0 ; i<MAXPTS ; ++i ){ /* Draw the cords to the circle */
for( j=i ; j<MAXPTS ; ++j ){ /* For each remaining intersect */
moveto(points[i].x, points[i].y); /* Move to beginning of cord */
lineto(points[j].x, points[j].y); /* Draw the cord */
}
}

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* LINESTYLEDEMO: Display a pattern using all of the standard */
/* line styles that are available. */
/* */

void LineStyleDemo(void)
{
int style, step;
int x, y, w;
struct viewporttype vp;
char buffer[40];

MainWindow( "Pre-defined line styles" );

getviewsettings( &vp );
w = vp.right - vp.left;

x = 35;
y = 10;
step = w / 11;

settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "Normal Width" );

settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

for( style=0 ; style<4 ; ++style ){
setlinestyle( style, 0, NORM_WIDTH );
line( x, y+20, x, vp.bottom-40 );
itoa( style, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( x, vp.bottom-30, buffer );
x += step;
}

x += 2 * step;

settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
outtextxy( x, y, "Thick Width" );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

for( style=0 ; style<4 ; ++style ){
setlinestyle( style, 0, THICK_WIDTH );
line( x, y+20, x, vp.bottom-40 );
itoa( style, buffer, 10 );
outtextxy( x, vp.bottom-30, buffer );
x += step;
}

settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* CRTMODEDEMO: Demonstrate the effects of the change mode */
/* commands on the current screen. */
/* */

void CRTModeDemo(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp;
int mode;

MainWindow( "SetGraphMode / RestoreCRTMode demo" );
getviewsettings( &vp );
mode = getgraphmode();
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );

outtextxy( (vp.right-vp.left)/2, (vp.bottom-vp.top)/2,
"Now you are in graphics mode..." );
StatusLine( "Press any key for text mode..." );
getch();

restorecrtmode();
printf( "Now you are in text mode.\n\n" );
printf( "Press any key to go back to graphics..." );
getch();

setgraphmode( mode );
MainWindow( "SetGraphMode / RestoreCRTMode demo" );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );
outtextxy( (vp.right-vp.left)/2, (vp.bottom-vp.top)/2,
"Back in Graphics Mode..." );

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* USERLINESTYLEDEMO: Display line styles showing the user */
/* defined line style functions. */
/* */

void UserLineStyleDemo(void)
{
int x, y, i, h, flag;
unsigned int style;
struct viewporttype vp;

MainWindow( "User defined line styles" );

getviewsettings( &vp );
h = vp.bottom - vp.top;

x = 4;
y = 10;
style = 0;
i = 0;

settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
flag = TRUE; /* Set the bits in this pass */

while( x < vp.right-2 ){ /* Draw lines across the screen */

if( flag ) /* If flag, set bits... */
style = style | (1 << i); /* Set the Ith bit in word */
else /* If no flag, clear bits */
style = style & !(0x8000 >> i); /* Clear the Ith bit in word */

setlinestyle( USERBIT_LINE, style, NORM_WIDTH );
line( x, y, x, h-y ); /* Draw the new line pattern */

x += 5; /* Move the X location of line */
i = ++i % 16; /* Advance to next bit pattern */

if( style == 0xffff ){ /* Are all bits set? */
flag = FALSE; /* begin removing bits */
i = 0; /* Start with whole pattern */
}
else{ /* Bits not all set... */
if( style == 0 ) /* Are all bits clear? */
flag = TRUE; /* begin setting bits */
}
}

settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* FILLSTYLEDEMO: Display the standard fill patterns available. */
/* */

void FillStyleDemo(void)
{
int h, w, style;
int i, j, x, y;
struct viewporttype vp;
char buffer[40];

MainWindow( "Pre-defined Fill Styles" );

getviewsettings( &vp );
w = 2 * ((vp.right + 1) / 13);
h = 2 * ((vp.bottom - 10) / 10);

x = w / 2;
y = h / 2; /* Leave 1/2 blk margin */
style = 0;

for( j=0 ; j<3 ; ++j ){ /* Three rows of boxes */
for( i=0 ; i<4 ; ++i ){ /* Four column of boxes */
setfillstyle(style, MaxColors-1); /* Set the fill style and WHITE */
bar( x, y, x+w, y+h ); /* Draw the actual box */
rectangle( x, y, x+w, y+h ); /* Outline the box */
itoa( style, buffer, 10 ); /* Convert style 3 to ASCII */
outtextxy( x+(w / 2), y+h+4, buffer );
++style; /* Go on to next style # */
x += (w / 2) * 3; /* Go to next column */
} /* End of coulmn loop */
x = w / 2; /* Put base back to 1st column */
y += (h / 2) * 3; /* Advance to next row */
} /* End of Row loop */

settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* FILLPATTERNDEMO: Demonstrate how to use the user definable */
/* fill patterns. */
/* */

void FillPatternDemo(void)
{
int style;
int h, w;
int x, y, i, j;
char buffer[40];
struct viewporttype vp;
static char patterns[][8] = {
{ 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55, 0xAA, 0x55 },
{ 0x33, 0x33, 0xCC, 0xCC, 0x33, 0x33, 0xCC, 0xCC },
{ 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F, 0x0F },
{ 0x00, 0x10, 0x28, 0x44, 0x28, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00 },
{ 0x00, 0x70, 0x20, 0x27, 0x24, 0x24, 0x07, 0x00 },
{ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 },
{ 0x00, 0x00, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x3C, 0x00, 0x00 },
{ 0x00, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x7E, 0x00 },
{ 0x00, 0x00, 0x22, 0x08, 0x00, 0x22, 0x1C, 0x00 },
{ 0xFF, 0x7E, 0x3C, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3C, 0x7E, 0xFF },
{ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x7C, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00 },
{ 0x00, 0x42, 0x24, 0x18, 0x18, 0x24, 0x42, 0x00 }
};

MainWindow( "User Defined Fill Styles" );

getviewsettings( &vp );
w = 2 * ((vp.right + 1) / 13);
h = 2 * ((vp.bottom - 10) / 10);

x = w / 2;
y = h / 2; /* Leave 1/2 blk margin */
style = 0;

for( j=0 ; j<3 ; ++j ){ /* Three rows of boxes */
for( i=0 ; i<4 ; ++i ){ /* Four column of boxes */
setfillpattern( &patterns[style][0], MaxColors-1 );
bar( x, y, x+w, y+h ); /* Draw the actual box */
rectangle( x, y, x+w, y+h ); /* Outline the box */
itoa( style, buffer, 10 ); /* Convert style 3 to ASCII */
outtextxy( x+(w / 2), y+h+4, buffer );
++style; /* Go on to next style # */
x += (w / 2) * 3; /* Go to next column */
} /* End of coulmn loop */
x = w / 2; /* Put base back to 1st column */
y += (h / 2) * 3; /* Advance to next row */
} /* End of Row loop */

settextjustify( LEFT_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* POLYDEMO: Display a random pattern of polygons on the screen */
/* until the user says enough. */
/* */

void PaletteDemo(void)
{
int i, j, x, y, color;
struct viewporttype vp;
int height, width;

MainWindow( "Palette Demonstration" );
StatusLine( "Press any key to continue, ESC to Abort" );

getviewsettings( &vp );
width = (vp.right - vp.left) / 15; /* get width of the box */
height = (vp.bottom - vp.top) / 10; /* Get the height of the box */

x = y = 0; /* Start in upper corner */
color = 1; /* Begin at 1st color */

for( j=0 ; j<10 ; ++j ){ /* For 10 rows of boxes */
for( i=0 ; i<15 ; ++i ){ /* For 15 columns of boxes */
setfillstyle( SOLID_FILL, color++ ); /* Set the color of box */
bar( x, y, x+width, y+height ); /* Draw the box */
x += width + 1; /* Advance to next col */
color = 1 + (color % (MaxColors - 2)); /* Set new color */
} /* End of COLUMN loop */
x = 0; /* Goto 1st column */
y += height + 1; /* Goto next row */
} /* End of ROW loop */

while( !kbhit() ){ /* Until user enters a key... */
setpalette( 1+random(MaxColors - 2), random( 65 ) );
}

setallpalette( &palette );

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}

/* */
/* POLYDEMO: Display a random pattern of polygons on the screen */
/* until the user says enough. */
/* */

#define MaxPts 6 /* Maximum # of pts in polygon */

void PolyDemo(void)
{
struct PTS poly[ MaxPts ]; /* Space to hold datapoints */
int color; /* Current drawing color */
int i;

MainWindow( "DrawPoly / FillPoly Demonstration" );
StatusLine( "ESC Aborts - Press a Key to stop" );

while( !kbhit() ){ /* Repeat until a key is hit */

color = 1 + random( MaxColors-1 ); /* Get a random color # (no blk)*/
setfillstyle( random(10), color ); /* Set a random line style */
setcolor( color ); /* Set the desired color */

for( i=0 ; i<(MaxPts-1) ; i++ ){ /* Determine a random polygon */
poly[i].x = random( MaxX ); /* Set the x coord of point */
poly[i].y = random( MaxY ); /* Set the y coord of point */
}

poly[i].x = poly[0].x; /* last point = first point */
poly[i].y = poly[1].y;

fillpoly( MaxPts, (int far *)poly ); /* Draw the actual polygon */
} /* End of WHILE not KBHIT */

Pause(); /* Wait for user's response */

}


/* */
/* SAYGOODBYE: Give a closing screen to the user before leaving. */
/* */

void SayGoodbye(void)
{
struct viewporttype viewinfo; /* Structure to read viewport */
int h, w;

MainWindow( "== Finale ==" );

getviewsettings( &viewinfo ); /* Read viewport settings */
changetextstyle( TRIPLEX_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4 );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT );

h = viewinfo.bottom - viewinfo.top;
w = viewinfo.right - viewinfo.left;
outtextxy( w/2, h/2, "That's all, folks!" );

StatusLine( "Press any key to EXIT" );
getch();

cleardevice(); /* Clear the graphics screen */

}

/* */
/* PAUSE: Pause until the user enters a keystroke. If the */
/* key is an ESC, then exit program, else simply return. */
/* */

void Pause(void)
{
static char msg[] = "Esc aborts or press a key...";
int c;

StatusLine( msg ); /* Put msg at bottom of screen */

c = getch(); /* Read a character from kbd */

if( ESC == c ){ /* Does user wish to leave? */
closegraph(); /* Change to text mode */
exit( 1 ); /* Return to OS */
}

if( 0 == c ){ /* Did use hit a non-ASCII key? */
c = getch(); /* Read scan code for keyboard */
}

cleardevice(); /* Clear the screen */

}

/* */
/* MAINWINDOW: Establish the main window for the demo and set */
/* a viewport for the demo code. */
/* */

void MainWindow( char *header )
{
int height;

cleardevice(); /* Clear graphics screen */
setcolor( MaxColors - 1 ); /* Set current color to white */
setviewport( 0, 0, MaxX, MaxY, 1 ); /* Open port to full screen */

height = textheight( "H" ); /* Get basic text height */

changetextstyle( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
outtextxy( MaxX/2, 2, header );
setviewport( 0, height+4, MaxX, MaxY-(height+4), 1 );
DrawBorder();
setviewport( 1, height+5, MaxX-1, MaxY-(height+5), 1 );

}

/* */
/* STATUSLINE: Display a status line at the bottom of the screen. */
/* */

void StatusLine( char *msg )
{
int height;

setviewport( 0, 0, MaxX, MaxY, 1 ); /* Open port to full screen */
setcolor( MaxColors - 1 ); /* Set current color to white */

changetextstyle( DEFAULT_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 1 );
settextjustify( CENTER_TEXT, TOP_TEXT );
setlinestyle( SOLID_LINE, 0, NORM_WIDTH );
setfillstyle( EMPTY_FILL, 0 );

height = textheight( "H" ); /* Detemine current height */
bar( 0, MaxY-(height+4), MaxX, MaxY );
rectangle( 0, MaxY-(height+4), MaxX, MaxY );
outtextxy( MaxX/2, MaxY-(height+2), msg );
setviewport( 1, height+5, MaxX-1, MaxY-(height+5), 1 );

}

/* */
/* DRAWBORDER: Draw a solid single line around the current */
/* viewport. */
/* */

void DrawBorder(void)
{
struct viewporttype vp;

setcolor( MaxColors - 1 ); /* Set current color to white */

setlinestyle( SOLID_LINE, 0, NORM_WIDTH );

getviewsettings( &vp );
rectangle( 0, 0, vp.right-vp.left, vp.bottom-vp.top );

}

/* */
/* CHANGETEXTSTYLE: similar to settextstyle, but checks for */
/* errors that might occur whil loading the font file. */
/* */

void changetextstyle(int font, int direction, int charsize)
{
int ErrorCode;

graphresult(); /* clear error code */
settextstyle(font, direction, charsize);
ErrorCode = graphresult(); /* check result */
if( ErrorCode != grOk ){ /* if error occured */
closegraph();
printf(" Graphics System Error: %s\n", grapherrormsg( ErrorCode ) );
exit( 1 );
}
}

/* */
/* GPRINTF: Used like PRINTF except the output is sent to the */
/* screen in graphics mode at the specified co-ordinate. */
/* */

int gprintf( int *xloc, int *yloc, char *fmt, ... )
{
va_list argptr; /* Argument list pointer */
char str[140]; /* Buffer to build sting into */
int cnt; /* Result of SPRINTF for return */

va_start( argptr, fmt ); /* Initialize va_ functions */

cnt = vsprintf( str, fmt, argptr ); /* prints string to buffer */
outtextxy( *xloc, *yloc, str ); /* Send string in graphics mode */
*yloc += textheight( "H" ) + 2; /* Advance to next line */

va_end( argptr ); /* Close va_ functions */

return( cnt ); /* Return the conversion count */

}

Please help me guys !!!!

Cheers n e-peace.......

[NikhilVerma]

DUDE !!!! Remove that piece of code!!!

My firefox is showing glitches !!!

just open the file in Notepad and search for "initgraph" and you will find it....
Although I have seen the code and found the the line and it's okay... But I still don't know why is the problem occuring...

You should reinstall turboc...

[ashu888ashu888]

NikhilVerma wrote:

Although I have seen the code and found the the line and it's okay... But I still don't know why is the problem occuring...

You should reinstall turboc...

Been there Done that...i reinstalled TURBO C..no effect still Did u find the line in my CODE ?? where?? i was unable to find it can u telll me in wich function name does tat command line exists??

Shud i view my prog in 256 color mode or sumthing like tat..

If u hv ur own BGIDEMO.C file then can u mail it to me...(i hope ur code and my code does not hv compatibility problems wen i run it on my Compiler..
My email is ashu888ashu888@yahoo.com

Cheers n e-peace....

[m-jeri]

ashu try to get a new turbo c++ compiler.
If you dont find initgraph dont worry.
just add this
int gd=DETECT,gm; //graphic initialisation
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");

c:\\tc\\bgi is your tc location and make sure tc is in c drive.

BTW initgraph is just intialising your graphics driver.

bye

[NikhilVerma]

I don't need to mail that file to you....

Just download it from the link I gave in my third last post...

[ashu888ashu888]

madjeri wrote:

ashu try to get a new turbo c++ compiler.
If you dont find initgraph dont worry.
just add this
int gd=DETECT,gm; //graphic initialisation
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");

c:\\tc\\bgi is your tc location and make sure tc is in c drive.

BTW initgraph is just intialising your graphics driver.

Well where shud i add this code bro ! in the main() function ?? is it?? well yes my TURBO C compiler is in the C:

[NikhilVerma]

ofcource you have to add this in your main function !!! Isn't that obvious ???

You should try to do something before starting to post about minor problems...

[m-jeri]

yo nikhil links aint working and u send it to my mail ok

[NikhilVerma]

The link is working here....

You need to click on the "Free" button below and then wait for the file's link to show up at the bottom....

[ashu888ashu888]

madjeri wrote:

ashu try to get a new turbo c++ compiler.
If you dont find initgraph dont worry.
just add this
int gd=DETECT,gm; //graphic initialisation
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");

c:\\tc\\bgi is your tc location and make sure tc is in c drive.

BTW initgraph is just intialising your graphics driver.

I did tat in the mai() but i got 1 error---> int gd=DETECT,gm; Declaration not allowed here and 1 Warning----> initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi"); 'gd' is assigned a value that is never used.

I replaced this tag c:\\tc\\bgi with c:\\turboc3\\tc\bgi as my TURBOC3 folder (on the C: drive) wich contains the TC folder in wich the BGI and other folders are present.

but still no luck guys ! the program fails to run coz of the ERROR tat i get.. i specified both the codes in the int main() function and outside the if loop but still same problem
Please suggest sumthing....

cheers n e-peace....

[NikhilVerma]

Forget that length program for the moment...
use this program and

PLACE THE EGAVGA.BGI FILE IN THE PROGRAM'S DIRECTORy

and then compile it.... don't change anything in it...
Tellme what happens...

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void setmode()
{
	int gd=DETECT,gm;
	initgraph(&gd,&gm,"");
}
void main()
{
	setmode();
	int i,j;
	for(i=0;i<640;i+=5)
	{
		line(i,0,i,480);
		line(0,i,640,i);
	}
	for(i=0;i<640;i+=5)
	{
		for(j=0;j<480;j+=5)
		{
			setfillstyle(1,(i*j+i*i+j*j));
			floodfill(i-1,j-1,15);
		}
	}
	getch();

}

[ashu888ashu888]

Yup Nikhil, i hv the EGAVGA.BGI (BGI file) in my BGI folder and i ran ur code also but it gives me this msg:

#include<graphics.h>
#include<conio.h>
void setmode()
{ int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph (&gd,&gm," ");
}

void main()
{ setmode();
int i,j;

for(i=0;i<640;i+=5)
{ line(i,0,i,420);
line(0,i,640,i);
}

for(i=0;i<640;i+=5)
{ for(j=0;j<480;j+=5)
{ setfillstyle(1,(i*j+i*i+j*j));
floodfill(i-1,j-1,15);
}
}
getch();
}
/* OUTPUT:

BGI Error: Graphics not initialized (use 'initgraph')
*/

Dont knw wat else shud i do... Help !!

[NikhilVerma]

Okay then I guess there is a problem with your C installation...

I think you should get another version of TurboC ... The one I have is 3.0...
And it doesn't have any sub-directories... Install file is named turboc.exe

see if you can find it on any of your friends PC or ask your teacher maybe...

[ashu888ashu888]

NikhilVerma wrote:

I think you should get another version of TurboC ... The one I have is 3.0...
And it doesn't have any sub-directories... Install file is named turboc.exe

Well im having TURBOC 3 buddy.....and i think its the latest.. neways will ask for a new version....

Cheers n e--peace....

[puja399]

R u guys from prehistoric era?!!!!! Still fumbling with turbo c++ and bgi library!!!! Wake up, learn some windows programming for heaven's sake, do some DirectX or OpenGL. This is 2005 going on to 2006, people are using Geforce 6800GT !!!!

[ashu888ashu888]

puja399 wrote:

R u guys from prehistoric era?!!!!! Still fumbling with turbo c++ and bgi library!!!! Wake up, learn some windows programming for heaven's sake, do some DirectX or OpenGL. This is 2005 going on to 2006, people are using Geforce 6800GT !!!!

Buddy,its only tat this thread was related to C++ GRAPHICS PROGRAMMING..coz sum of our Digit users (including me ofcourse) wanted to learn the GRAPHICS features of C++.

And more importantly...To start any PROGRAMMING/GRAPHIC INTENSIVE work..u need to hv a bit of "so-called" COMMON sense to learn the ABC's (basics) first.. isint it !!

If ur well versed in WINDOWS PROGRAMMING..then please do the honours and post a new thread related to same.. as tat would be helpful....

As of now..no digit user is posting their querries on this topic..so its done and dead ....

There are still users and newbies who want to learn programming rite from the basics....No matter in watever era we people will be but we still teach a newbie the same A for apple and B for ball to make him/her understand the basics first.. isint it ??

I guess tat even u didnt started to speak the word "PROGRAMMING", until u learned ABC rite !!

Cheers n e-peace.....

[NikhilVerma]

Originally Posted by puja399

R u guys from prehistoric era?!!!!! Still fumbling with turbo c++ and bgi library!!!! Wake up, learn some windows programming for heaven's sake, do some DirectX or OpenGL. This is 2005 going on to 2006, people are using Geforce 6800GT !!!!

If you can shed any light on OpenGL and DirectX programming rather than mocking us... We'd be glad...

[bizzare_blue]

I myself was interested in DirectX prog and started a thread too but got no replies so I purchased a book by Keith Sink...Nice one 4 advanced user....Everythin is taught in it....

A good beginner's book is by Yashwant Kanitkar....its the best in its category....

But then I changed my plans n jumped 2 C++ graphics prog to start with, as they say, "BASICS"....